The selection of ozone-safe alternative refrigerants is discussed, and some candidates are presented. The present status of the measurements on thermodynamic and transport properties of HCFC 123 and HFC 134a is reviewed briefly.
For more than a decade many researches have been done to study the harmful effects of CFC on the stratospheric ozone layer. Only recently, it became recognized that the total column of ozone is decreasing globally. The results of model assesments of the CFC effects on the stratospheric ozone layer and the recent analysis of ozone data are reviewed.
The present paper reviews and discusses the data and information on the thermophysical properties of soils. These properties include density, volumetric heat capacity and thermal conductivity. Especially thermal conductivity model of both unfrozen and frozen soils is discussed in detail with the relationship water content and soil structure. The valuable data are charted and expressed with correlation equations for the convenience of the users.
This article is written as an introduction to a series of lectures on the techniques of temperature measurement. The contents are; a short history of the temperature measurement, physical concept of temperature, temperature scale, basic principles, and some remarks on errors in the measurement.
Temperature dependences of the surface tensions of liquids in contact with vapor of other substance and the interfacial tensions between two immiscible liquids were experimentally studied by the pendant drop method. Measurements were carried out for isopentane-water system (up to 150°C) and 1-octanol-water system (up to 90°C) which were considered as candidates of heat transfer fluids for a direct contact heat exchanger. From measured results, the temperature dependences of the spreading coefficients and the film pressures of these systems were calculated.