The rural policy is aimed to increase rural dweller's income by promoting rural industries like agriculture and to improve living environments in rural areas. The socio-economic conditions in various times have reflected the contents of the policy. The increase of income had been laid weight on since the Meiji era, shifting the stage from the levies on agriculture for national revenue to the expenditure of agricultural subsidies. In the last years of High Economic Growth era, the improvement of living environments in rural areas was made much account of from the standpoint of national minimum. Rural infrastructure improvement projects were established for rural towns and villages. The globalization and the high quality of life oriented have been advanced since the Plaza accord in 1985. The rural policy has been focused on the creation of comfortable living environments such as good landscapes, the improvement of handicapped areas, the protection of natural environments and so on. It will be necessary to solve the various problems caused by the change of rural living preference due to the diversification of values, the contradiction between the agricultural production of high productivity and the comfortable living environments, and the disharmony between global and local issues.
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