8. SUMMARY

This chapter has presented a discussion of the collections of Chinese books in American libraries. The comparatively large ones are in (1) the Library of Congress, (2) Gest Chinese Research Library, (3) Columbia University, (4) Harvard University, (5) University of California, and (6) Newberry Library.

Table one presents in outline the facts concerning Chinese collections in American libraries as presented in this chapter. The extent to which the various practices are followed by libraries containing the most important Chinese collections is thus apparent at a glance.

1. Letter of Andrew keogh, dated February 18, 1930

2. New York Public Library, Handbook (New York: 1921), p. 23.

3. Information furnished by J. P. Breedlove, library of the University, under the date of February 25, 1930.

The collection of Chinese books in the Library of Congress contains approximately 135,000 volumes or one-thirtieth of the whole library. In spite of the large number of exchanges and gifts, the development of the collection is mainly due to systematic purchases, with special emphasis on two groups of subjects, namely 1 agriculture, geography and other related sciences, 2 archaeology, art, bibliography and biography. The collection is eminent for 1,490 gazetteers of the different Chinese provinces, prefectures and districts. In addition it has more than five hundred Chinese Collectanea, or ls'ung shu, which are generally made up of works not easily obtainable, So far as the library administration is concerned, these books are grouped together as one division apart from the main collection. Such a procedure has involved the adoption of two kinds of catalogues (card catalogue and pamphlet catalogue), the modification of the Four-Treasure classification system, the arrangement of Chinese characters by the number of strokes of each character, and the maintenance of the stabbed binding.

The Gest Chinese Research Library was founded through the generosity of G. M. Gest, with two purposes in view, (1) to promote through the study of Chinese literature a better understanding of China, and (2) to place the books at the disposal of scholars for research, calculated to broaden the boundaries of knowledge. While it is not more than five or six years old, the collection is the second largest in America in the number of volumes, but the largest in the number of rare books. It is well equipped with encyclopedias, dictionaries, library catalogues, Buddhist sutras and medical treatises. For library administration, it forms a separate part of the McGill University Library, On the one hand, it follows the example of the Library of Congress in classification and binding, but on the other hand it differs greatly from the Library of Congress in the process of cataloguing, and in the avoidance of the arrangement of Chinese characters.

The collection of Chinese books in Columbia University is largely the result of the gifts of Horace W. Carpentier and the donation of Dean Lung，the history of which is a memory of some-stirring years of the American Far West．It now possesses nearly 40,000 volumes，outstanding in the possession of recent publications．Similar to all other collections of the same type，it stands as a separate unit from the general collection. An examination of the library administration shows that it agrees with the Library of

Congress in adopting the Four-Treasure classification system and the card catalogue along broad lines，but differs markedly in the arrangement of Chinese characters according to the sequence of strokes system, and in the re-binding of Chinese books for daily use．

While the collection of Chinese books in Harvard University can be traced to 1879，the great development of the collection was made possible by the bequest of the late Charles Martin Hall. At present there are almost 40,000 volumes on Buddhism, Taoism，classics，philosophy and literature．As to their treatment，they constitute one unit of the whole university library，as similar collections in other universities. The cataloguing is done on cards in Chinese which can be duplicated by the “ditto” gelatin process for all necessary entries．The classification schedule was devised by A.K.Chiu, the custodian；the arrangement of Chinese characters is based upon the Four-Corner numeral system of Wong Yun-wu; and preference has been given to the rebinding of Chinese books.

The origin of the collection of Chinese books in the University of California was connected with John Fryer, who was the first professor of oriental languages and literature in the same institution．Other benefactors were Kiang Kang-hu and Horace W. Carpentier．The present number of volumes amounts to nearly twenty five thousand，especially famous for early scientific works translated into Chinese by Mr.Fryer. With the exception of some minor differences，the methods of cataloguing，classification，binding and arrangement of Chinese characters are the same as practiced in the Library of Congress．

While conducting investigations in China in the first decade of the twentieth century, Berthold Laufer of the Field Museum, Chicago，was commissioned by the Newberry Library to gather for them a representative of Chinese books on philosophy, religion，history, belles-lettres，philology and art．As a result， 1,216 works in 21,403 volumes were purchased．Up to the time of writing，these books are arranged according to the accession number consecutively; and the only catalogue record is a photostatic reproduction of the memorandum kept by Dr. Laufer. All the original bindings are preserved．

Among these six collections of Chinese books，the results indicate that five of them adopt the card catalogue, that four of them use the modified Four-Treasure classification system，that four of them maintain the stabbed binding，and that two of them follow the identical method of arranging the Chinese characters．Of greater importance than these variations are the factors which cause them. The following chapters are designed for such a study．

INSTITUTION

PLACE IN

LIBRARY

CATALOGUING

CLASSIFI-

CATION

BINDING

SEPARATE

ORGANIZED

Form of

Catalogue

Form of Entry

Arrangement of Entry

FOUR-TREASURE SYSTEM

SPECIAL SYSTEM

CHINESE

WESTERN

MIXED

Card

Book

Chinese only

Transliteration only

Both

Four-corner system

Sequence of strokes system

Number of strokes system

Wade system

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

YES

YES

YES

YES

YES

NO

NO

NO

NO

YES

NO

YES

NO

YES

NO

NO

GEST CHINESE RESEARVCH LIBRARY

YES

YES

YES

NO

NO

NO

YES

NO

NO

NO

YES

YES

NO

YES

NO

NO

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY

YES

YES

YES

NO

YES

NO

NO

NO

YES

NO

NO

YES

NO

NO

NO

YES

HARVARD UNIVERSITY

YES

YES

YES

NO

YES

NO

NO

YES

NO

NO

NO

NO

YES

NO

NO

YES

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

YES

YES

YES

NO

YES

NO

NO

NO

NO

YES

NO

YES

NO

YES

NO

YES

NEWBERRY LIBARRY

YES

YES

YES

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

NO

YES

NO

NO

BIBLIOGRAPHY

I. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

Chinese Students' Mouthly, published by the Chinese Students Alliance of the United States of America.

Francis, D.R. The universale :'~osition of 19o4. St. Louis, Louisiana Purcl~se Exposition Co., 1913. 7o3p.

FuesS, C. M. Th~ life of Caleb Cushing. N.Y. Harcourt. Brace & Co., I923. 2v.

Goode, G. B., ~d. The Smithsonian Institution, 1846-1896. Washington, D. C., 1897. 856P.

Johnston, W.D. History of the Library of Congress (1800-1864). Washington, D. C. Government' Printing Office, 1904- 535P.

Kwei. C. B. Chinese books in the Library of Congress, Shanghai, China Weekly Review, XLIX (1929),-8.

Laufer, Berthold. Descriptive account of the collection of Chinese, Tibetan, Mongol and Japanese books in the Newberry Library. Chicago, Newberry, Library, 1913. 42p.

I.owenstein, M.J., compiler. Official guide to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition at the city of St. Louis, State of Missouri, April 30th to December 1st, 1904. St. Louis, The Official Guide Co., 1904. 196p.

MacMurrary, J. V. A. Treaties and agreements with and concerning China, 1894-1921. New York, Oxford University Press, 1921, 3v.

Meyer, H. H. 13. The Library of Congress. Scotland, Library Review, XII (1929), 203-9.

Report of the International Exchange Service under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution:-- (1925); (1926).

Report of the Library of Congress: -- (1898-9); (1901); (1905); (1907-9); (1912); (1915-29).

Roosevelt, Theodore. State papers as governor and president, 1899-1909. N.Y. Scribner, 1926. 548p.

Swingle，W.T. The Chinese collection in the Library of Congress. New York, Library Journal, XLII(1917),104.

Wise, J. S. Recollections of thirteen presidents. N.Y. Doubleday, Page&Co., 1906.284p.

Williams, M. H. New American minister has had long service in China. Shanghai, China Weekly Review, LI (1929), 136-7

Who's Who in America,(1926-7);(1928-9);(1930).Chicago, A. N. Marquis & Co.

Who's Who in China.3d ed. Shanghai, China Weekly Review, 1925.972p.

2. GEST CHINESE RESEARCH LIBRARY

Bryce, George. A short history of the Canadian people. Loud. Sampson Low&Co., 1914.621p.

Laufer, Berthold. The Gest Chinese Research Library at McGill University. Shanghai, China Weekly Review, LI (1929),54-5

Luke,E.M. The Gest Chinese Research Library. Toronto, New Outlook, No.95 (1927), 14.

Macmillan, Cyrus. McGill and its story, 1821-1921.Toronto,

Canadian Branch, Oxford University Press, 1921.304p.

McGill University Calendar for the session, 1928-9.

Montreal, 1928.668p.

McGill University Library. Opening of the new library. Montreal, 1893.39p.

McMullen,J.M. The history of Canada from its first discovery to the present time.3ded. Brockville, McMullen&Co., 1892.2v.

Montreal Star (Montreal), December10, 1926.

Royal Bank of Canada.Monthly Bulletin, Febuary, 1929.

3. COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY

Carter,E.C. China and Japan in our university curricula. N.Y. American Council, Institute of Pacific Relations, 1929.183p.

A center of Chinese culture in New York City．Shanghai，China Weekly Review，XXXVI(1926)，135-6．

Columbia University. Annual reports(190l-28)．N. Y．Morningside Heights．

Columbia University. Chinese Student Bulletin (published by the Chinese Student Club), I (April, 1928) 3.

Hunt, R. D．A short history of California. N. Y．Crowell，1929．67IP．

Keppel, F. P. Columbia. N．Y．Oxford University Press，1914. 297p.

Kwei，C．B． Chinese library of Columbia University. Shang-hai，China Weekly Review，XLII(1927)，20．

Slosson，E. E． Great American universities． N. Y．Macmillan，1910．528p．

Who's Who，1930．London；A.&C．Black，(1930)． 3488p.

Who's Who in America，1916-7；1922-3；1928-9. Chicago，A.N．Marquis & Co.

4． HARVARD UNIVERSITY

Carter，E．C． China and Japan in our university curricula．N.Y．American Council，Institute of Pacific Relations，1929. 183p．

Chiu，Alfred Kaiming．Harvard Chinese library．Cambridge，1929． 21p．(Unpublished)．

Gardiner，J．H． Harvard. N．Y.0xford University Press，1914. 333P．

Hall.Charles Martin． N．Y．American Review of Reviews，LI(1915)，493-4．

Harvard College Library， Chinese-Japanese Collection．Annual report of the custodian(1928-9)． (Unpublished).

Harvard College Library， Chinese-Japanese Collection．Outline of classification and index to classes. Cambridge，1930．36p．(Unpublished)．

Harvard University．Annual reports(1878-9); (1881-2); (1913-4); (1914-5); (1919-1920)；(1927-8)．

Harvard Yenching Institute. Cambridge Harvard Alumni Bulletin，XXX(1928)，613-4.

Harvard-Yenching Institute of Chinese Studies. N. Y．Science，XXVII (1928), 197.

Knight, A．M. Chinese at Harvard．Cambridge，Harvard Register, II (1880), 161-2; 178．

Potter, A. C. The library of Harvard University. 3d ed. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1915.170P.

Quincy, Josiah. The history of Harvard University. Boston, Crosby，Nichols，Lee&Co.,1860．2v

5. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

Bush, J. D. The university of California's Chinese library．Chinese Students’Monthly, XII(1917)，311-3

California, University of, The University Chronicle，(1903); (1916); (1920). Berkeley, University Press.

California, University of, Report of the president, (1894-6); (1904-8); (1915-1923); (1927-8).

Hagerty，M. J. Chinese Collection in the University of California. San Francisco，May 25，1921．(Unpublished).

Holder, C.F. Louis Agassiz：his life and work. N.Y. Putnam, 1893.327p.

Jones, W. C. Illustrated history of the University of California, 1868-1895．San Francisco，F．H．Dukesmith, 1895.413p.

Swingle, W. T. Chinese books and libraries．Chicago，American Library Association Bulletin, XI(1917),121-4.

6．NEWBERRY LIBRARY

Bramhall,J.T. East Asiatic works in the library．Chicago，Open Court，XXXV(1921), 734-743．

Laufer,Berthold. Descriptive account of the collection of Chinese，Tibetan,Mongol and Japanese books in the Newberry Library．Chicago，Newberry Library, CI913.42p.

Newberry Library. 3d ed． Chicago，1908．15p．

Newberry Library. Annual report of the trustees of the Newberry Library，(1894)；(1910); (1914); (1920); (1922)．

Newberry Library．Proceedings of the trustees of the Newberry Library，(1887-8).

7． OTHER COLLECTIONS

Lydenberg，H．M．History of the New York Public Library．N．Y. 1923． 643P．

New York Public Library． Handbook． N．Y． 1921．63p．

United States Bureau of Education．Bulletin, No．23(1912)，61．

Yale University． Reports, (189I)；(1914-5)；(1921-2)：(I925-6)．

Yung Wing． My life in China and America． N.Y. Holt，1909．286p．

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